Pediatric and Nutritional Research

Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics is a field of study within veterinary medicine that focuses on the use of medications and therapeutic interventions to diagnose, treat, and manage various medical conditions in animals. It involves understanding the pharmacological properties of drugs, their mechanisms of action, appropriate dosing, and potential interactions or adverse effects.

Paediatric Allergy is an important subject to be learnt in order to promote understanding and advance the treatment of respiratory, allergic, and immunologic diseases in children. It emphasizes the epidemiologic research on the most common chronic illnesses of children—asthma and allergies—as well as many less common and rare diseases. Swollen or enlarged adenoids and Tonsils are common in children.

Nearly every child or teen faces some challenges as they grow up because of peer pressure, family changes, a death or other loss, managing a chronic illness, or simply because it isn’t easy making the change from being a child to being an adult. Poor mental health can affect overall well-being and can lead to emotional and behavioural changes, ADHD and learning disabilities. Many children experience loss or stress, and others must manage their chronic illness at a young age.

Gastrointestinal disorders in children range from minor to life threatening, and short- to long-term or chronic. Neonatal Jaundice is one of the most common conditions needing medical attention in newborn babies. Gastrointestinal food allergies are not rare in infants and children. Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedure a paediatric endoscopy has become an essential modality for evaluation and treatment of GI diseases.

Paediatric Endocrinology is a medical subspecialty dealing growth disorders and sexual differentiation in childhood, as well as neonatal diabetes and other disorders of the endocrine glands. It also includes the study of the most common types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2 diabetes. There is another type of diabetes that is often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes, called monogenic diabetes which is seen in children.

Researchers are engaged in a variety of laboratory and clinical research programs to extend their understanding of the developing nervous system and pathologic processes that underlie neurological disorders in children. The most common neurological disease is paediatric epilepsy. Approximately 70% of children who suffer epilepsy during their childhood eventually outgrow it. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a diagnostic tool used for inherited metabolic disorders.

The study of Paediatric Cardiology is responsible for the diagnosis of congenital heart defects, performing diagnostic procedures such as echocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations and electrophysiology studies. The increasing number of neonates with congenital heart defects referred to the neonatal intensive care unit reflects the increasing awareness that the defects may be present. Chest radiography and ECG rarely assist in the neonatal diagnosis. Congestive heart failure in the foetus.

A Case Report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports contain a demographic profile of the patient and usually describes an unusual or novel occurrence. Some case reports also contain a literature review of other reported cases. The session includes discussion on Paediatric Gastroenterology, Neonatal Gastroenterology, Paediatric Gastrointestinal disorders, Paediatric hepatology, Paediatric Nutrition and Paediatric Surgery.

Hepatology is a branch of medicine concerned with the study, prevention, diagnosis and management of diseases that affect the liver, gallbladder, biliary tree and pancreas. The term is derived from the Greek words hepatikos and logia, which mean liver and study. Wilson's disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which copper accumulates in tissues.

Young children can be naughty, defiant and impulsive from time to time, which is very normal. However, some children have extremely difficult and challenging behaviours that are outside the boundary for their age. The most common disruptive behaviour disorders include oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Pediatric nutrition is the maintenance of an appropriate, well-balanced diet that includes the necessary nutrients and calorie intake to support physiologic requirements at different stages of a child's development and to encourage growth. Pediatric dietary requirements are closely tied to development rate and vary greatly with age, degree of activity, and environmental factors. Breastfeeding contains vital nutrients that aren't included in any infant formula and help the child's immune system develop.

Understanding child development is essential because it allows us to completely appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social, and educational growth that children go through from birth to their early adulthood. There are five areas of child development: physical, social and emotional, approaches to learning, thinking, and communication and language.

Intussusception is the most common abdominal emergency affecting children under 2 years old. It happens when one portion of the bowel slides into the next, much like the pieces of a telescope. A hydrocele is a collection of fluid within the Processes vaginalis (PV) that produces swelling in the inguinal region or scrotum. An inguinal hernia occurs when abdominal organs protrude into the inguinal canal or scrotum.

Surgeons continue their efforts to improve their techniques to operate colorectal cancers. They now have a better understanding of what makes colorectal surgery more likely to be successful, such as making sure enough lymph nodes are removed during the operation. Oesophageal cancer usually begins in the cells that line the inside of the oesophagus. Pancreatic cancer begins in the tissues of your pancreas an organ in your abdomen that lies horizontally behind the lower part of your stomach.

Paediatric nutrition is the maintenance of a proper well-balanced diet consisting of the essential nutrients and the adequate caloric intake necessary to promote growth and sustain the physiologic requirements at the various stages of a child's development. Paediatric nutritional needs vary considerably with age, level of activity, and environmental conditions and they are directly related to the rate of growth.

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) arises initially during the process of gastrulation from the endoderm of the trilaminar embryo (week 3) and extends from the buccopharyngeal membrane to the cloacal membrane. The tract and associated organs later have contributions from all the germ cell layers. Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller particles or individual nutrients.

Some preterm infants may experience more severe difficulties from birth than others, and these complications can vary. In 2013, there were around 1 million deaths related to preterm birth problems, which is the leading cause of mortality in children under the age of five. For all healthcare professionals engaged in the delivery of new borns, knowledge of neonatal resuscitation is crucial. To effectively manage infant pain, distress, or agitation and prevent neonatal problems, clinicians must use the most recent non-pharmacologic and pharmaceutical therapy.

Some issues associated with premature birth are more dangerous than others, and they might differ amongst premature babies. The primary factor in approximately 1 million fatalities in children under the age of five in 2013 was complications from preterm birth. All medical professionals who assist with childbirth must be proficient in neonatal resuscitation techniques. To prevent neonatal problems, clinicians must employ the most up-to-date non-pharmacologic and pharmaceutical therapy for the successful management of infant pain, distress, or agitation.

For an infant, breastfeeding has several advantages. Breast milk has the ideal ratio of nutrients to support a baby's growth and development. Some of the nutrients in breast milk also aid in defending infants against some infections and diseases that are common in young children. Mother's health may also benefit from it. Breastfeeding mothers may experience fewer cases of some cancers than other mothers. Try to breastfeed your child during the first six months of life if you don't have any health difficulties.

The diet helps children develop healthy eating habits and provides appropriate nourishment for children of all developmental ages. These are based on the fundamental food groups and take age-specific Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) into account. Between-meal snacks may be included in food group proportions. One-year-olds start to exhibit a decline in appetite and interest in food, which is normal for their age and coincides with a slowing of growth. This decline in appetite and interest in food should not be construed as "poor" appetite.